2008年7月18日星期五

Default style sheet for HTML 4

This appendix is informative, not normative.

This style sheet describes the typical formatting of all HTML 4 ([HTML4]) elements based on extensive research into current UA practice. Developers are encouraged to use it as a default style sheet in their implementations.

The full presentation of some HTML elements cannot be expressed in CSS 2.1, including replaced elements ("img", "object"), scripting elements ("script", "applet"), form control elements, and frame elements.

For other elements, the legacy presentation can be described in CSS but the solution removes the element. For example, the FONT element can be replaced by attaching CSS declarations to other elements (e.g., DIV). Likewise, legacy presentation of presentational attributes (e.g., the "border" attribute on TABLE) can be described in CSS, but the markup in the source document must be changed.

html, address,
blockquote,
body, dd, div,
dl, dt, fieldset, form,
frame, frameset,
h1, h2, h3, h4,
h5, h6, noframes,
ol, p, ul, center,
dir, hr, menu, pre   { display: block }
li              { display: list-item }
head            { display: none }
table           { display: table }
tr              { display: table-row }
thead           { display: table-header-group }
tbody           { display: table-row-group }
tfoot           { display: table-footer-group }
col             { display: table-column }
colgroup        { display: table-column-group }
td, th          { display: table-cell }
caption         { display: table-caption }
th              { font-weight: bolder; text-align: center }
caption         { text-align: center }
body            { margin: 8px }
h1              { font-size: 2em; margin: .67em 0 }
h2              { font-size: 1.5em; margin: .75em 0 }
h3              { font-size: 1.17em; margin: .83em 0 }
h4, p,
blockquote, ul,
fieldset, form,
ol, dl, dir,
menu            { margin: 1.12em 0 }
h5              { font-size: .83em; margin: 1.5em 0 }
h6              { font-size: .75em; margin: 1.67em 0 }
h1, h2, h3, h4,
h5, h6, b,
strong          { font-weight: bolder }
blockquote      { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px }
i, cite, em,
var, address    { font-style: italic }
pre, tt, code,
kbd, samp       { font-family: monospace }
pre             { white-space: pre }
button, textarea,
input, select   { display: inline-block }
big             { font-size: 1.17em }
small, sub, sup { font-size: .83em }
sub             { vertical-align: sub }
sup             { vertical-align: super }
table           { border-spacing: 2px; }
thead, tbody,
tfoot           { vertical-align: middle }
td, th          { vertical-align: inherit }
s, strike, del  { text-decoration: line-through }
hr              { border: 1px inset }
ol, ul, dir,
menu, dd        { margin-left: 40px }
ol              { list-style-type: decimal }
ol ul, ul ol,
ul ul, ol ol    { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
u, ins          { text-decoration: underline }
br:before       { content: "\A" }
:before, :after { white-space: pre-line }
center          { text-align: center }
:link, :visited { text-decoration: underline }
:focus          { outline: thin dotted invert }

/* Begin bidirectionality settings (do not change) */
BDO[DIR="ltr"]  { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
BDO[DIR="rtl"]  { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }

*[DIR="ltr"]    { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed }
*[DIR="rtl"]    { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed }

@media print {
h1            { page-break-before: always }
h1, h2, h3,
h4, h5, h6    { page-break-after: avoid }
ul, ol, dl    { page-break-before: avoid }
}

原文链接:http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/sample.html

下面的是CSS2的,看起来和CSS2.1相比更全面一些

Appendix A. A sample style sheet for HTML 4.0

This appendix is informative, not normative.

This style sheet describes the typical formatting of all HTML 4.0 ([HTML40]) elements based on extensive research into current UA practice. Developers are encouraged to use it as a default style sheet in their implementations.

The full presentation of some HTML elements cannot be expressed in CSS2, including replaced elements (IMG, OBJECT), scripting elements (SCRIPT, APPLET), form control elements, and frame elements.

ADDRESS,
BLOCKQUOTE, 
BODY, DD, DIV, 
DL, DT, 
FIELDSET, FORM,
FRAME, FRAMESET,
H1, H2, H3, H4, 
H5, H6, IFRAME, 
NOFRAMES, 
OBJECT, OL, P, 
UL, APPLET, 
CENTER, DIR, 
HR, MENU, PRE   { display: block }
LI              { display: list-item }
HEAD            { display: none }
TABLE           { display: table }
TR              { display: table-row }
THEAD           { display: table-header-group }
TBODY           { display: table-row-group }
TFOOT           { display: table-footer-group }
COL             { display: table-column }
COLGROUP        { display: table-column-group }
TD, TH          { display: table-cell }
CAPTION         { display: table-caption }
TH              { font-weight: bolder; text-align: center }
CAPTION         { text-align: center }
BODY            { padding: 8px; line-height: 1.33 }
H1              { font-size: 2em; margin: .67em 0 }
H2              { font-size: 1.5em; margin: .83em 0 }
H3              { font-size: 1.17em; margin: 1em 0 }
H4, P,
BLOCKQUOTE, UL,
FIELDSET, FORM,
OL, DL, DIR,
MENU            { margin: 1.33em 0 }
H5              { font-size: .83em; line-height: 1.17em; margin: 1.67em 0 }
H6              { font-size: .67em; margin: 2.33em 0 }
H1, H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6, B,
STRONG          { font-weight: bolder }
BLOCKQUOTE      { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px }
I, CITE, EM,
VAR, ADDRESS    { font-style: italic }
PRE, TT, CODE,
KBD, SAMP       { font-family: monospace }
PRE             { white-space: pre }
BIG             { font-size: 1.17em }
SMALL, SUB, SUP { font-size: .83em }
SUB             { vertical-align: sub }
SUP             { vertical-align: super }
S, STRIKE, DEL  { text-decoration: line-through }
HR              { border: 1px inset }
OL, UL, DIR,
MENU, DD        { margin-left: 40px }
OL              { list-style-type: decimal }
OL UL, UL OL,
UL UL, OL OL    { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
U, INS          { text-decoration: underline }
CENTER          { text-align: center }
BR:before       { content: "\A" }

/* An example of style for HTML 4.0's ABBR/ACRONYM elements */

ABBR, ACRONYM   { font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.1em }
A[href]         { text-decoration: underline }
:focus          { outline: thin dotted invert }


/* Begin bidirectionality settings (do not change) */
BDO[DIR="ltr"]  { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
BDO[DIR="rtl"]  { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }

*[DIR="ltr"]    { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed }
*[DIR="rtl"]    { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed }

/* Elements that are block-level in HTML4 */
ADDRESS, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, DD, DIV, DL, DT, FIELDSET, 
FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, IFRAME,
NOSCRIPT, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, UL, APPLET, CENTER, 
DIR, HR, MENU, PRE, LI, TABLE, TR, THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, 
COL, COLGROUP, TD, TH, CAPTION 
                { unicode-bidi: embed }
/* End bidi settings */


@media print {
  @page         { margin: 10% }
  H1, H2, H3,
  H4, H5, H6    { page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid }
  BLOCKQUOTE, 
  PRE           { page-break-inside: avoid }
  UL, OL, DL    { page-break-before: avoid }
}

@media speech {
  H1, H2, H3, 
  H4, H5, H6    { voice-family: paul, male; stress: 20; richness: 90 }
  H1            { pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 90 }
  H2            { pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 80 }
  H3            { pitch: low; pitch-range: 70 }
  H4            { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60 }
  H5            { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 50 }
  H6            { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 40 }
  LI, DT, DD    { pitch: medium; richness: 60 }
  DT            { stress: 80 }
  PRE, CODE, TT { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 0; stress: 0; richness: 80 }
  EM            { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60; richness: 50 }
  STRONG        { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 90; richness: 90 }
  DFN           { pitch: high; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60 }
  S, STRIKE     { richness: 0 }
  I             { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60; richness: 50 }
  B             { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 90; richness: 90 }
  U             { richness: 0 }
  A:link        { voice-family: harry, male }
  A:visited     { voice-family: betty, female }
  A:active      { voice-family: betty, female; pitch-range: 80; pitch: x-high }
}

原文链接:http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/sample.html

2008年7月9日星期三

从头学习从html4.01和css2.1

最近编辑css样式表时总是遇到一些困难,考虑是该从头学习一下 html 和 css 了。

IE7.0和firefox3.x的出现相信给网页制作人员带来更大的挑战。在w3c.org看到xhtml2 和css3的消息,甚感网络的迅速发展。

电脑的硬盘已经格式化N遍,以前珍藏的资料都没有,都拜病毒所赐。

我想既然从头学习就从html4.01和css2.1开始吧,毕竟这些还是目前的主流。在网上搜索查找了一圈也没什么收获。就开着金山快译在w3c.org下载了相关的文档,都是英文的。有点感触的是,至今国人还没有对其完全翻译,不知是何原因,只恨自己英文太差,不然我也可以翻译一些,做点贡献。